Biomechanics

Scholar Year: 2018/2019 - 2S

Courses

Head Teacher Responsability Teresa Palmira Simões Baptista Teixeira de Figueiredo Head

Weekly workload Hours/week T TP P PL L TC E OT OT/PL TPL O S Type of classes Lectures Type Teacher Classes Hours Contact hours Totals 1 5,33 Hugo Gonçalo Duarte Louro   4,00 Luís Filipe Moutinho Leitão   1,33

Teaching language

Portuguese

Intended learning outcomes (Knowledges, skills and competencies to be developed by the students)

• To study the fundamental and determinant factors for the interpretation of human movement mechanics;
• Understand the interdisciplinary dependence of internal and external Biomechanics on the study of the different expressions of human movement;
• Study the Osteo-Muscle-Joint System to understand how the forces are generated and the effect of these forces on the human body in movement production;
• Study the methods of measurement of movement and its practical and theoretical dependencies for the analysis of the Biomechanics of Human Movement;
• Provide conditions for the student to continue studying and developing the research and analysis of the movement in applied tasks in the areas of health, sport and ergonomics;
• Provide students with an experience of observation and analysis of certain sports techniques, in order to provide a more concrete and effective awareness of the difficulties of teaching and correcting certain specific technical gestures of some sporting modalities, thus facilitating safer and Objectives of the future coach;
Provide students with practical notions of use of certain Biomechanical analysis equipment.

Syllabus

1. Fundamentals and Basic Concepts in Biomechanics
• What is Biomechanics
• Object and areas of study in Biomechanics
• Types of mechanical bodies
• Representation of the body; scanning; global and local coordinates
• Rotating axes of anatomical segments and the body
• Kinematic chains
• Units and magnitudes in Biomechanics
2. Anatomical Principles
• Movements of the musculoskeletal system
• Biomechanical aspects of bone structure and joints
• Methods of assessment of joint flexibility – goniometry
• The skeleton, bones and joints
• Biomechanical aspects of muscle function
• Mechanical factors affecting muscle strength
3. Kinematics for Biomechanical Analysis
• Fundamentals and objectives of kinematics
• The projectile motion
• Measures in linear and angular kinematics
• Distance and displacement - speed and acceleration
• Kinematics of the projectiles motion
• Relationship between linear and angular motion
• Speed and angular acceleration
4. Kinetics for Biomechanical Analysis
• Strength - nature of force and forces resolution
• Newton's Laws: Law of Inertia, Acceleration Law, and Law of Action-Reaction
• Mechanical behavior of the bodies in contact - friction - work, power and energy, amount of movement and angular momentum
• Mass, inertia and moment of inertia
• Centript and centrifugal force
• Moment of inertia, moment of force and angular momentum
• Angular interpretation of Newton's laws
5. Balance and Locomotor Apparatus
▪ Morphometry and Biomechanical Anthropometry;
▪ Center of gravity - definition and location of C.G.
▪ Location of the center of gravity in the human body
▪ Experimental and numerical methods to determine C.G.
▪ Stability and balance - stability factors and principles
▪ Levers and torque
6. Equipment and techniques for collecting and analyzing biomechanical variables of sports movement
• Description of equipment used for biomechanical analysis.
- Cinematography and video analysis;
- Power platforms and force measurement;
- Electromyography;
- Barometric insoles;
- X Sens;
- Thermography;
- Other techniques and equipment.

Demonstration of the syllabus coherence with the UC intended learning outcomes

The approach of the programmatic contents will be done through classes of expositive nature, theoretical and theoretical-practical. In the theoretical classes, the topics related to the defined syllabus will be developed in an expositive way. On the other hand, in the theoretical-practical classes we will try to develop the program contents, through the application of practical sheets and through the active participation of the students in experimental situations.

Teaching methodologies

On-site and distance support will be provided in the orientation of the research of the subjects under study and in the accomplishment of written works and / or oral presentations. It is intended that the students have an active participation in the acquisition of knowledge. Thus, in addition to the lectures, students are encouraged to develop, individually or in groups, the subjects discussed in the theoretical classes. This CU requires that students use the knowledge of each subject handled in an integrated and applied way. Thus, the written test(s) aims to evaluate the theoretical knowledge; the achievement of written work and/or oral presentations aims to assess the integration of knowledge into a coherent and solid body of knowledge.

Demonstration of the teaching methodologies coherence with the curricular unit's intended learning outcomes

The CU of Biomechanics aims to transmit a set of knowledge that enable students mastering the basic concepts and the fundamental and determining factors for the interpretation of the mechanics of the human movement, an indispensable knowledge for the future sport professionals, daily confronted with this problem.

Assessment methodologies and evidences

In order to be evaluated, students should:
Be present in at least 75% of the classes and participate in the discussion of the issues under analysis, as well as in the accomplishment of the proposed works;
Read the supporting texts and be prepared to analyze and discuss the topics presented;
Carry out the tasks and the scheduled work, showing clearly and accurately the appropriation and the use of knowledge in the analysis of the biomechanical processes that characterize motor production.

Component I - Process Assessment (35%).
It results from the student's performance in the accomplishement of the following tasks:
- Preparation and presentation of a practical / applied group work on the analysis of a sports technique (30%);
- Assiduity / participation (5%);

Component II - Product Evaluation (65%).
It is expressed by the student's performance in two tests written on the subject (1st Test - 25%, 2nd Test - 35%), in which the student must obtain the minimum classification of 7.5 values.
In both components the student must obtain a classification higher than 7.5 values. If you do not obtain this classification, the student will fail the continuous assessment.

The sum of component I and component II will define the classification for the assignment of the final grade of the CU.

Attendance system

In order to attend the CU on a continuous assessment basis, students must attend at least 75% of the classes.

Bibliography

1. Abrantes, J. (1997). Biomecânica. Edições FMH, Lisboa.
2. Bartlett, R. (2007). Introduction to sports biomechanics: analysing human movement patterns. Routledge, London – New York.
3. Blazevich, A. (2011). Biomecânica Deportiva: Manual para la mejora del rendimento humano. Editorial Paidotribo, Barcelona.
4. Carr, G. (1997). Mechanics of Sports – a practitionar’s guide. Human Kinetics, USA.
5. Correia, P. (2012). Estudo do Movimento. Edições FMH, Lisboa.
6. Hall, S. (2013). Biomecânica Básica (6.ª ed.). Nova Guanabara, New York.
7. Hardback. Watkins, J. (2010). Structure and function of the musculoskeletal system (2nd edition). Human Kinetics, Champaign
8. Hamill, J. & Knutzen, K. (2008). Bases biomecânicas do movimento humano (2nd Ed.). Manole, São Paulo.
9. Hamilton, N., Weimar, W. & Luttgens, K. (2013). Cinesiologia - Teoria e Prática do Movimento Humano. Editora Guanabara Koogan.
10. Jodar, X. (1996). Eficácia y técnica deportiva - análisis del movimiento humano. Editora Iniciativas Deportivas.
11. Koogan. Lipeert, L. (2013). Cinesiologia Clinica e Anatomia. Editora Guanabara Koogan.
12. Lipeert, L. (2013). Cinesiologia Clinica e Anatomia. Editora Guanabara Koogan.
13. Louro, H., Branco M, Milheiro, V. & Conceição A. (2013). Biomecânica das Atividades Desportivas. Editor Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Rio Maior.
14. Mcginnis, P. (1999). Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise. Human kinetics, USA.
15. Milheiro, V., Branco, M., Conceição, A., Matos, T., & Louro, H. (2013). Introdução à Biomecânica – Exercícios práticos. Editor Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Rio Maior.
16. Okuno, E. & Fratin, L. (2003). Desvendando a física do corpo humano: Biomecânica. Manole, São Paulo.
17. McGinnis, P. (2005). Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise (2nd Ed.). Human Kinetics, Champaign.
18. Ricard, M. (2013). Applied Biomechanics (2nd Ed.). Biomechi Publications, Mansfield.
19. Robertson, D., Caldwell, G., Hamill, J., Kamen, G. & Whittlesey, S. (2014). Research methods in biomechanics (2nd edition). Hardback.
20. Watkins, J. (2010). Structure and function of the musculoskeletal system (2nd edition). Human Kinetics, Champaign.