Thermodynamic

Scholar Year: 2018/2019 - 2S

Courses

Head Teacher Responsability João Francisco dos Santos Fernandes Head

Weekly workload Hours/week T TP P PL L TC THE EL OT OT/PL TPL S Type of classes 0 0 Lectures Type Teacher Classes Hours Theorethical and Practical classes Totals 1 0,00 Laboratories Totals 1 0,00

Teaching language

Portuguese

Intended learning outcomes (Knowledges, skills and competencies to be developed by the students)

OBJECTIVES:

It is intended the mastery of fundamental knowledge in Thermodynamics, such as: Terminology in the area of ​​Thermodynamics, Properties of Pure, Simple and Compressible Substances, Air, Water and Steam Mixes, First Law of Thermodynamics Applied to Closed Systems and Open Systems, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Entropy, topics on the major thermodynamic cycles.

SKILLS:

Create models for problem solving; apply thermodynamic properties and perform energy and mass balances; to identify in the environment that surrounds the physical phenomena related to thermodynamics; perform calculations on various systems of units; work in groups and produce reports.

Syllabus

SUMMARY PROGRAM:

Greatness and Physical Units. Concepts and introductory definitions in thermodynamics. Thermodynamic Properties of Substances, First Law of Thermodynamics Applied to Closed Systems and Open Systems; Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy. Thermodynamic cycles.

DETAILED PROGRAM:

1. Revisions on Greatness and Physical Units.
(Teaching in Laboratory classes)
Quantities and Units of the International System. Grandeires and Basic Units, Supplementary and Derivatives. English system. Recommendations on physical quantities. Writing of symbols of magnitudes. Indication of quantities and units in charts and tables. Meaning of the terms linear, superficial, volumic, mass, molar, alternating and pulsatory.
Unit recommendations. Writing unit names and symbols. Product and unit quotient. Recommendations on numbers. Writing numbers. Decimal Signal. Multiplication and division of numbers. Presentation of numerical results. Multiple and decimal submultiples of SI units. Greatness and Heat Units.
Unit Conversion Factors.

2. Introductory Concepts and Definitions in Thermodynamics.
Thermodynamic Systems. Types of Systems. Microscopic and Macroscopic Approach to Thermodynamics. Property, State, Process and Balance. Intensive and Extensive Properties. Phase and Pure Substance. Balance. Density, Specific Volume and Pressure. Temperature. Thermal Equilibrium. Thermometers and Thermometry. Temperature Scales. Problem Solving Methodology in Thermodynamics.

3. Pure, Simple and Compressible Substances Properties and Air, Water and Vapor Mixtures
(3 weeks)
The relation p-v-T. Phase change. Tables for Thermodynamic Properties. Pressure, Specific Volume and Temperature. Internal Energy and Enthalpy specific. Approximations for liquids from the saturation tables. Model for incompressible substance. Processes with gaseous substances. Universal Constant of Gases. Compressibility factor. Ideal gases. Ideal Gas Tables. Mixtures of air, water and steam. Wet Air Psychometrics.
4. First Law of Thermodynamics.
Mechanical Concepts of Energy. Work and Kinetic Energy. Potential energy. Transfer of Energy by Work. Expansion or Compression work. Quasi-equilibrium processes. Internal energy, enthalpy and specific heats for ideal gases. Politropic processes with ideal gases. Processes with moist air. System Power. Energy Variation. Internal Energy. Energy Transmission by Heat. Transmission of Heat by Conduction, Convection and Radiation. Principle of Energy Conservation for Closed Systems.
Energy Analysis in Thermodynamic Cycles.
Notion of Control Volume. Mass Storage. Energy Conservation in a Control Volume. Control Volume Analysis in Stationary Regime. Applications of the method.

5. Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Introduction to the second law of thermodynamics. Thermal power tanks. Thermal machines. Yield of energy conversions. Refrigerators and heat pumps. Perpetual motion machines. Reversible and irreversible processes. Cycle of Carnot. Principles of Carnot. Thermodynamic temperature range. Carnot thermal machine. Carnot refrigerator and heat pump.

6. Entropy.
Entropy. Inequality of Clausius. Principle of Entropy Enhancement. Variation of entropy of pure substances. Isentropic processes. Diagram T-s. Isentropic efficiencies.

7. Thermodynamic cycles. Description, ideal yield, applications. Ideal cycles Otto, Diesel, Brayton, jet propulsion, Carnot steam cycle, Rankine cycle without reheating, combined gas-steam cycle.

Keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Mechanical engineering

Technological sciences > Technology > Energy technology

Technological sciences > Engineering > Thermal engineering

Technological sciences > Engineering > Mechanical engineering

Technological sciences > Technology > Energy technology

Technological sciences > Engineering > Thermal engineering

Demonstration of the syllabus coherence with the UC intended learning outcomes

There are 4 modules to be carried out in person at the moodle platform at the time of the laboratory classes or to be arranged with the respective teachers.
The approval in the CU is dependent on obtaining at least 10 values ​​in each of the components.
There is assiduity control. Students are required to have a minimum of 80% attendance in TP classes, except for students with special status.
The student should only carry out the evaluation test of each module after obtaining a minimum grade of 14 in their preparation test in moodle (best classification between 4 trials).
The student needs to obtain a minimum grade of 6 values ​​in each module. If the student finishes the course in the following academic year, he / she can use the module grade, provided that he has obtained a minimum grade of 10 values ​​in that module.
The student may perform a total of 5 repetitions of the assessment tests for approval or improvement of marks, and can not make more than 4 attempts for each test. These repetitions will be scheduled with the respective laboratory professor or with the person in charge of the CU according to the availability of teachers and students.

Characteristics of face-to-face tests in moodle:
The tests for modules 1, 2 and 3 are carried out in the period of the laboratory classes of the respective class. For the module 4 test, repetitions or improvements, you must register by email with the teacher responsible, depending on the scheduled sessions (about two per week, from June 25 to July 24).
They take place in the computers of the School, in the computer rooms.
The student can only use the calculating machine available in the computer operating system or a simple scientific calculating machine.
The form, the tables and the draft paper are exclusively made available by the teacher and must be returned to him at the end of the exam.
The student's cell phone must be turned off and saved.
There is compulsory identification of students to take the test.

The profile of the student in moodle must have a passport photo.

Laboratories.

The students carry out 7 practical assignments, and then present a report for each one, but preferably prepared in class and deliver 5 working days after the experiment. These works illustrate some of the subjects taught in the theoretical and practical part, and constitute, on the other hand, an introduction to the Thermodynamics / Energy component of the Course.

Presence in laboratory classes is compulsory for students without an approved laboratory, with attendance control, and at least 80% of classes required (with appropriate adaptations for student workers).
The reports of the works will be carried out in group and individual.
The approval in the laboratory is done with a minimum classification of 10 values.
If the student fails the laboratory it will be possible to repeat the reports / tests during the normal or appeal period, if this situation allows for approval in the CU.
The approval in the laboratory in this school year only goes to the following year if the final mark of modules is at least 6 values.

Teaching methodologies

Theoretical-practical classes: expository method and problem solving.
Laboratory classes: group work, with measurements in experimental equipment or data collection with the aid of auditing equipment, data processing and reporting.

Demonstration of the teaching methodologies coherence with the curricular unit's intended learning outcomes

The matter is presented in the theoretical-practical lessons and the concepts illustrated and tested in many exercises and laboratory work. The students equally make use of tests of preparation in the platform e-learning Moodle. The bibliography is also an important support, given its didactic nature, assertive with classes, with abundant examples and with a broad set of exercises to practice.

Assessment methodologies and evidences

The final grade of the test component results from the following weighting:
Module 1 (pond 15%): Introductory Units and Concepts. (2-6 April)
Module 2 (pond 27.5%): Thermodynamic properties. (May 7-11)
Module 3 (pond 35%): First Law. (June 4-8)
Module 4 (pond 22.5%): Second Law, Entropy and Cycles. (as of June 25)

The average grade in the four modules or exam grade higher than 15 values ​​implies oral for grade defense, or else it maintains 15 values ​​in the final grade. The expected assignments and the respective classification levels are:
Thermometry. (single) (3 items)
Energy audit of a dwelling. (group) (3 items)
Computer Simulation. (single) (2 items)
Refrigeration Cycle - Thermodynamic Properties and Energy Balances. (group) (3 items)
Process Wet Air in Room. (single) (3 items)
Air Conditioning Bank - Psicrometry and Energy Balance. (group) (3 items)
Cooling tower. (group) (3 items)

FINAL NOTE from the UC: Weighted average of Modules * 75% + NLaboratory25%

In the Special Season, the student performs the set of 4 tests (or at least the tests on the modules where he did not obtain approval during the semester of the current school year or the previous school year).

Primary Bibliography

Secondary Bibliography