Introduction to Aeronautical Design

Scholar Year: 2020/2021 - 1S

Courses

Head Teacher Responsability Ricardo António Lamberto Duarte Cláudio Head

Weekly workload Hours/week T TP P PL L TC THE EL OT OT/PL TPL S Type of classes 3 2 Lectures Type Teacher Classes Hours Theorethical and Practical classes Totals 1 3,00 Ricardo Cláudio   3,00 Prática Laboratorial Totals 1 2,00 Paulo Machado   2,00

Teaching language

Portuguese

Intended learning outcomes (Knowledges, skills and competencies to be developed by the students)

- To know how to consult and interpret the Certifications Specifications issued by EASA;
- to understand the finite element method;
- to know how to formulate and solve small problems using matrix analysis;
- to know how to use structural analysis software (finite element method) to solve large problems;
- to identify the mode of failure of a component / structure.
- to understand the failure mechanisms of fracture, fatigue and creep.
- to identify the key variables that influence a process of failure / degradation by fracture, fatigue and creep.

Syllabus

1. Loads in aeronautical structures
Certification specifications. Requirements in terms of maximum loads. Safety factors. Operational limits.
2. Fundaments of the Finite Element Method (FEM)
Matrix analysis of structures. Introduction to the finite element method. Bar, beam and plate elements. Applications.
3. Structural analysis of aeronautical components
CAE/FEM – Analysis and simulation.
4. Fracture
Introduction; failure examples. Ductile and brittle fracture. Mechanics of linear elastic fracture.
5. Structural fatigue
S-N curves; fatigue limit; mean stress effect; stress concentrations. Low cycle fatigue; cyclic hardening and softening; fatigue with variable load amplitude; cycle counting techniques. Fatigue design philosophies; importance of fracture mechanics on aeronautical components; physics of crack propagation; da/dN curves; failure analysis.
6.Creep
Introduction and fundamental definitions; state equations; stress relaxation.

Software

CATIA V5-6

3DExperience

Keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Mechanical engineering

Demonstration of the syllabus coherence with the UC intended learning outcomes

-1. Loads in aeronautical structures
To have the capacity to interpret the certification specifications from EASA;
To understand the maximum operational limits that structural equipment’s must support.
2. Fundaments of the Finite Element Method (FEM)
To formulate a problem using matrix analysis;
To solve numerically small size problems using bar and beam elements.
3. Structural analysis of aeronautical components
To have the capacity to analysis structural components using commercial software;
To choose the most appropriated elements for an application;
To analyze the solution obtained and to identify potential numerical problems in the solution.
4. Fracture
To understand the crack concept;
To distinguish between brittle and ductile fracture;
To calculate the residual resistance of damaged components;
To understand the importance of defects generated during the manufacturing process and others on the structural behaviour of components.
5. Structural fatigue
To identify a fatigue failure;
To determine the causes of a fatigue failure;
To determine the fatigue life of a structural component;
To identify the principal parameters that has influence on fatigue life.
6. Creep
To identify a creep failure;
To know the principal parametres that have influence on a creep failure process.

Teaching methodologies

Lectures with various exercises in the classroom applying the knowledge transmitted.
Final project using the finite element method in an aeronautical problem.
Laboratory woks with reports about fracture, fatigue and creep.

Demonstration of the teaching methodologies coherence with the curricular unit's intended learning outcomes

During the classes are conducted several exercises appling the concepts provided.
In the final project students have to use finite element software to design aeronautical components, giving them skills in matrix calculation and the use of tools for automatic calculation.
Various laboratory works, enabling students to identify causes of component failure and understand the key variables that influence the process of failure / structural degradation.

Assessment methodologies and evidences

Continuous evaluation with several works and application laboratories.

25% - Matrix analysis of structures test;
10% - Analysis of structures with the finite element method application;
15% - Experimental fatigue test report;
25% - Fracture, Fatigue and Creep test;
25% - Development of software to analyse a structure.

Attendance system

All classes will be transmitted on-line using teams, whose link will be provided in moodle.
Classroom have conditions according to local authorities to accommodate all students.

Assement and Attendance registers

Primary Bibliography

Secondary Bibliography