Programmable Automatisms

Scholar Year: 2019/2020 - 1S

Courses

Head Teacher Responsability Paulo Alexandre de Sousa Almeida Felício Head

Weekly workload Hours/week T TP P PL L TC THE EL OT OT/PL TPL S Type of classes 4 2 Lectures Type Teacher Classes Hours Theorethical and Practical classes Totals 1 4,00 Paulo Felício   4,00 Prática Laboratorial Totals 1 2,00 Paulo Felício   6,00

Teaching language

Portuguese

Intended learning outcomes (Knowledges, skills and competencies to be developed by the students)

At the end of the semester the approved student must:
1 - Be able to design the command of an automatism and implement it using scheduled technologies. To be able to describe conveniently, using standardized methodologies and notation, the operation and the constitution of an automatism.
2 - Know and know how to use the concepts and programming languages ​​included in the IEC-61131-3 standard on PLC programming. It should know the type data structures and methods of description of algorithms and organization of the programs. Must know and be able to apply the concepts and methodologies of programming described by the standard IEC 61131-3. In particular it should be able to design, describe and implement the design of an automation command, using these concepts and these programming languages. Can transpose and apply this knowledge using at least one specific automaton in the laboratory.
3 - Know the symbology, standards and design techniques that allow you to characterize and understand the characterization of automatic type processes, namely identification of the components of the process, identification of the interface of command and supervision, identification of the operation of the process using methodologies of analysis of discrete event systems namely: states, events, actions, critical points of operation and security.
4 - Perform all parts of an automation project using standardized symbology and design techniques. For this you must know the design methodologies for automating processes including their interaction with the outside, their gait modes and safety aspects, test and validation methods and documentation.
5 - Know the structure and concepts associated with a serial, point-to-point or multi-point network. He knows how to apply this knowledge in the analysis of simple protocols as well as the industrial networks and their protocols, eg Profibus, Modbus and CAN bus. It also knows how to analyze and understand a distributed automation system with supervision.

Syllabus

1 Process characterization and identification of its components (M1)
- Identification of the components of a process to be automated
- Identification of the command and supervision interface
- Characterization of the process: states, events, actions and critical points.
- Analysis of a standard process.

2 Discrete event description systems (M2)
- Concepts and characteristics of discrete events
- State machines, state tables
- GRAFCET, complements on GRAFCET's;
- Practice of elaboration of GRAFCET and subsequent programming

3 Programming of PLCs (M3)
- Introduction to IEC 61131-3;
- Purposes and importance of the standard;
- Methods and tools for quality programming;
- Languages.
- Data structures: bit, byte, array, pointer, queues, stacks, and lists.
- Algorithms: eq. Boolean; contact diagrams; list of instructions and structured text; functional block diagrams; logigrams; flowchart; GRAFCET, state machines.
- PLC programming: instructions for flow control; functions and subroutines; parameters and data blocks; addressing and data associated with analog charts; special functions (eg PID), system functions and interrupts; techniques for programming algorithms in LADDER and STL;


4 Project of automatic systems (M4)
- Standards and symbology
- Project phases;
- modes of travel, interlocks and alarms;
- Security: people and equipment.
- Automation description algorithms.
- Sizing and schematic;
- Reports and documentation.
- Case studies: Analysis, design and automation of an industrial process.

5 Industrial communication networks (M5)
- Introduction to communication networks - OSI model.
- Application of the OSI model to industrial networks: physical level, connection and application.
- Physical means: Types of wiring; Types and levels of signal; basic bandwidth coding - Binary, Manchester and Manchester differential. - Point to point and multipoint point topologies.
- Types of communication: Synchronous / Asynchronous; Client-Server; Producer-consumer;
- Types of media access: CSMA / CD; Arbitrated; by "token";
- Connection elements: Repeaters; Gateways; Routers; Bridges;
- RS232 / RS485 networks; Modbus; Profibus (FMS, DP and PA).
- Practical application to be performed in the automation laboratory: configuration and programming of automata for communication in a PROFIBUS network; instructions and system functions for network communication; addressing and communication between local data structures and distributed data structures.

Demonstration of the syllabus coherence with the UC intended learning outcomes

The contents included what was considered necessary to give the student the necessary skills to be able to understand the technologies currently used in the realization of automatic programmable systems as well as the skills needed to design and perform them. It was also considered the objective of giving useful skills to the student to be able to analyze, assist in their maintenance and eventually in the introduction of improvements.

Most of the programmable controllers currently in operation in industries and services are controlled by programmable controllers, and so will continue to be in the future, as far as can be expected. With the expected contents the student must have the skills to use these equipments in the design and realization of programmable, industrial automatisms.

Teaching methodologies

In the theoretical-practical classes the subjects are exposed, sometimes resorting to the projection of slides, other times in the frame. In the exhibition beyond the framework and the approach of the various technical aspects of the subjects, examples are presented. For most subjects, after their presentation, students are offered the solution of exercises and the answer to questions, which help to understand the subjects and to obtain the capacity to operate them.
The laboratory classes are dedicated to solving automation programming problems. In the initial classes is exposed a programming tool of the automata used throughout the curricular unit. Each class offers problems to students, which allow them to progressively use more language skills and at the same time allow them to practice, applying them, the methodologies and project tools exposed in the theoretical-practical classes. The programming abilities acquired by each student are tested in a practical programming test before the student can begin to prepare the UC project.
The final classes are dedicated to assist the students in the elaboration of the project of automation of an industrial system. The project takes place during the laboratory classes, and the student is given time to prepare them outside these classes in order to take advantage of them. The project in most cases a group work of 2 students or in exceptional cases of 1 or 3 students. The teacher helps the students in the preparation of the project, clarifying doubts, drawing attention to errors, suggesting solutions. The project, however, is a task that must be performed relatively autonomously by each group of students.

Demonstration of the teaching methodologies coherence with the curricular unit's intended learning outcomes

In the theoretical-practical classes students are exposed to the concepts necessary to understand the structure of an automatic system and the methodologies that allow to describe its operation, to design its part of command and to describe and to program the operation of that part of command. This contributes to the objectives to be achieved, in particular those described in points 1 to 3. Also the
objective 4 are included in the theoretical-practical classes.

Still in the theoretical-practical classes, examples and exercises are presented, which allow us to concretize the concepts and put into practice the methodologies in order to ensure that the objectives are achieved. In the subjects taught in this curricular unit, the objectives can only be achieved by applying the concepts to concrete cases and exercising the application of the methodologies. This way the theoretical-practical classes are justified, and the
how they are taught, so that they include training in the application of concepts and in the resolution of exercises that consolidate their understanding and the capacity of operationalization on the part of the students.

Lab classes are essential for students to learn how to use software tools that enable them to realize automation projects using programmable equipment. They are also used to transmit and train the ability to carry out projects to elaborate the parts that compose them.

The evaluation itself also contributes to the attainment of the objectives and makes it possible to ascertain whether or not they are achieved by carrying out concrete automation projects, in which the student needs to apply a large part of the concepts, methods and capacities included in the objectives and allowed to determine the list of programmatic contents.

Assessment methodologies and evidences

Distributed evaluation without final exam.
- An individual written test is carried out with regard to the subjects covered in the TP class. (TP test) (Min. Note = 10)
- On the programming skills of the automata in the laboratory, a practical test of programming in the laboratory, also individual. In this test the student has the classification of "Approved" or "Disapproved". To proceed to the project, the student must pass this test. If you fail once, you can repeat the practical test once.
- On the ability to integrate knowledge and prepare a project a final project is done, which can be carried out by a group, usually 2 students. The evaluation will have a component of the project note and an individual evaluation component resulting from an oral discussion on the project. A minimum grade of 10 points is required.

A grade of 10 or higher in the TP test and in the project is required for passing the course unit.
For the approval of the curricular unit, a minimum of 70% of the laboratory classes must be attended.

The final grade is calculated according to the following formula:
Final grade = NP * 0.70 + NT * 0.30,
where NP = Project Note and NT = TP Test Score

Attendance system

For the approval of the curricular unit, a minimum of 70% of the laboratory classes must be attended.

Primary Bibliography